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Apr 7, 2014

Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wonderin

Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be (verso)

1744–45

Part of a set. See all set records

Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh

Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper

Recto Painting: 13.4 x 14.9 cm (5 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Verso Painting: 14.9 x 14.8 cm (5 7/8 x 5 13/16 in.); Overall: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.)

James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds 1968.108

Location

not on view

Did you know?

Reciting, hearing, and meditating on this story was thought to bring merit for ten million eons (a crore of kalpas).

Description

Scenes pertaining to the loss and rescue of Sita have been embedded in a popular tale written by Bhadrasena (active c. 1620), and expanded by the poet Karamacand in 1629–30. The pages from this manuscript are dispersed among many collections. Its last page, known from a photograph provided by Arun Bharany in New Delhi, includes a colophon statement. It informs us that the manuscript was written in Samvat 1802 (equivalent to 1744–45) in Kishangarh for five patrons named Rikhaji, Karamchandji, Mahataji, Shri Jagamalaji, and his son Motichandji. The scribe was a monk named Udayasagar in the Bijai (or Vijay) Gacch, a monastic lineage of the Shvetambar Jains.

Inscriptions

Inscription

[[recto, caption above image]] aṭhai gīradhavo paṁkhī rāvaṇa suṁ judha karai paṁkhī hāryo pathara muha mai nākhyā / bhāva 35

Inscription Translation

Here, the Gīradhava bird is fighting Rāvaṇa. [Rāvaṇa] defeated the bird [by] making stones slide down his throat. 35

Inscription

[[recto, text below image]] rāvaṇa kai geha || nayaṇā āsu jhaḍa lagyau || jāṇika barasata meha / ||92|| gīradhavo paṁkhī śrī rāma ko || sītā cokīdāra || cugaṇa / gayo tīṇa avasarai || pāchai harī ja nāra ||93|| rāvaṇa līyā jā / ta hai || sītā karī pukāra || paṁkhī pākha pasāra ke || paḍyo ja rāvaṇa / lāra ||94|| cāca mārata saba deha mai || jaisai barachī pāra || laḍata / laḍata rāvaṇa ḍaryo || khuba pohocāï māra ||95|| pathara lo / hī rāvaṇa raṁgai || ḍārata mukha mai khāta || pāthara su bhārī huvo / jaba rāvaṇa le jāta ||96|| le sītā laṁkā gaye || rākasa / bhae ūdāsa || rāvaṇa kuṁ aisai kahai || gayo ja laṁkā bāsa ||9 / 7|| rāvaṇa vāyakaḥ || rākasā su kahai joma kī bāta

Inscription Translation

[…] Rāvaṇa’s home. Her eyes started to shed tears. Jānakī was a raining cloud. The Gīradhavo bird of Śrī Rāma was the guardian of Sītā. He had gone to peck [at grains] at this moment, behind the woman who was being raptured. ||93|| Rāvaṇa was taking her away. Sītā shouted. The bird spread out his wings. He bursted on the back of Rāvaṇa. ||94|| He hit him with his beak all over his body, like a spear he made [blows] rain. Fighting and fighting, Rāvaṇa was frightened. He fought back fiercely. ||95|| Rāvaṇa painted stones with blood. He threw them down his beak, made him eat [them]. He became heavy because of the stones while Rāvaṇa was taking [her] away. ||96|| He took Sītā to Laṅkā. The demons were displeased. They said to Rāvaṇa: “The fragrance of Laṅkā has vanished”. ||97|| Rāvaṇa’s speech. He says things full of passion to the demons:

Inscription

[[verso, caption above image]] aṭhai śrī rāmajī dusatā baiṭhā sītā bījyoga ūpajyau lachamaṇa hī malāsa dai / bhāva 36

Inscription Translation

Here Śrī Rāma sits, dejected. He grieves Sītā's loss. Laksmana gives [him] the hope of meeting [her again]. Scene 36

Inscription

[[verso, text above image and caption]] bhūmaṁḍala aiso ko nahī || jyo chuḍāvata mujha ṭhāma || bhāji karu caka / cura hī || rāvaṇa māharo nāma ||98|| abai rāvaṇa sītā ne lera laṁka / gaḍha mai gayo chai avai śrī rāmajī ka sīta rai suṁ lera āvai so bhāva / āe rāma sakāra su || sītā na deṁkhai naina || sunī maḍhiyā dekha kai | / lakhamaṇa su kahai vaiṇa ||99|| pābe kuṁ banaphala mīlaiṁ || ūḍhaṇa ku / tarupata || ete mai sītā hara gae || bīpata māhībīpata ||100| la / chamaṇa bāyaka rāmajī su kahaiḥ || soraṭho bhāi mo disa bhāla || mai / kema ja māro kaḍhiyo || trīyā bīṇa eka hī bāra || rovai kāsuṁ / rāmacaṁda ||1|| ete mai gīradhavo paṁkhī || āyo rāma hajura ||

Inscription Translation

“There is no one on the surface of the Earth who could make her leave my kingdom. If he flees [with her], he will be reduced to ashes. My name is Rāvaṇa!” ||98|| Now Rāvaṇa has gone to the fortress of Laṅkā having abducted Sītā. Now Śrī Rāma is coming to get Sītā. This is the scene/mood. Rāma came back from the hunt. His eyes did not see Sītā. When he saw the empty hut, he said to Lakṣmaṇa [these] words: ||99|| “In the mountain, there are wild (forest) fruits, there are tree leaves to make veils. There Sītā was abducted. This is a disaster, a great disaster.” ||100| Lakṣmaṇa’s speech. He says to Rāma: (Soraṭhā) I see good signs. How could something be taken away from me? To be without wife for a day, why cry [for this] O Rāma.” ||1|| Here the Gīradhava bird arrived before Rāma.

Inscription

[[verso, lower right corner]] 18

Provenance

?–1968

(Arun Bharany, New Delhi, India, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)

1968–

The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH

Citations

Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Oriental Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986. Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 70, pp. 182–184

Exhibition history

Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).

Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).

Year in Review: 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).

Imagining Rama's Journey (Indian Painting rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).

Cite this page

{{cite web|title=Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be (verso)|url=https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.108|year=1744–45|access-date=03 December 2023|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}

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Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wonderin

Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be (verso)

Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh

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